Box 3 Calculatorv4.4.0
Actual-Return Act · Box 3 · 2028

A tax on wealth you do not yet have.

From 2028 you no longer pay a deemed 5.88% return. Instead, you owe tax on the actual annual growth of your wealth — every year, sale or no sale.

Rate 202836%on actual return
Tax-free capital€57,684per person
Projection horizon30 yearsdefault scenario
Dossier

Latest updates

3 weeks ago · 30 June 2026

Eerste Kamer plenary debate on Box 3 — four motions, final vote postponed

The Senate debated bill 36748 in plenary. Four motions were submitted: Kroon (BBB) on investing in a law based on a capital-gains tax (J); Van den Oetelaar (FVD) on that tax's long-term revenue (K); Van Rooijen (50PLUS) on a one-off dividend-tax reduction (L); Schalk (SGP) stating no objection to withdrawing the bill (M). Coalition party CDA voiced fundamental objections to taxing unrealized share gains ('paying tax on money that isn't there'). The final vote is postponed until the novelle has been treated. Intended entry into force remains January 1, 2028.

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2 weeks ago · 7 July 2026

Motion to withdraw the Box 3 bill rejected, three motions held

The Senate rejected the Schalk et al. motion (36748, M) stating 'no objection to withdrawing the bill'. Against: GroenLinks-PvdA, Volt, ChristenUnie, CDA, D66, SP, PvdD, VVD, Fractie-Visseren-Hamakers and OPNL. In favour: SGP, FVD, PVV, JA21, BBB and 50PLUS among others. The Kroon (J), Van den Oetelaar (K) and Van Rooijen (L) motions were held. The bill itself was not put to a vote — that follows only after the novelle is treated.

4 weeks ago · 23 June 2026

Finance Committee folds government letter into plenary treatment

The Finance Committee decides to include the state secretary's June 19 letter — on improving the act and the route toward a capital-gains tax — in the June 30 plenary treatment.

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Comparison

What's changing?

From deemed returns to actual returns

Before — through 2027

Current system (before 2028)

  • 01Deemed returns: the tax office assumes a fixed percentage
  • 021.44% on savings, 5.88% on investments
  • 03Tax-free capital: €57,684 per person
  • 04You may pay tax on gains you never actually made
After — from 2028

New system (from 2028)

  • 01Actual returns: tax on what you really earned
  • 02Flat rate of 36% on actual returns
  • 03Tax-free allowance of €1,800 per person
  • 04Two categories: capital growth tax & capital gains tax
Chronology · 2021 → 2028

Timeline

  1. 2021

    Cabinet initiates investigation into actual return taxation

  2. 2022

    Planning document submitted to Parliament

  3. 2023

    Public internet consultation

  4. 2024

    Postponed from 2027 to 2028 (Tax Authority ICT modernization)

  5. 2025

    Bill approved by House of Representatives

  6. 2026

    Under review by Senate Finance Committee

  7. 2028

    Law takes effect (January 1, 2028)